Godot Syndrome in an Elderly Patient with Pseudodementia

This paper reviews recent empirical findings related to prefrontal and executive function in unipolar depression. While a number of reviews have dealt with either the neuropsychological literature or findings from imaging studies, the present review addresses both, as well as findings from studies that have combined brain-imaging techniques with neuropsychological measures. This combined approach is of great interest as the performance of a structured task may act to load the areas of interest a...

Hedonic "liking" for sensory pleasures is an important aspect of reward, and excessive 'liking' of particular rewards might contribute to excessive consumption and to disorders such as obesity. The present review aims to summarize recent advances in the identification of brain substrates for food 'liking' with a focus on opioid hot spots in the nucleus accumbens and ventral pallidum. Drug microinjection studies have shown that opioids in both areas amplify the 'liking' of sweet taste rewards. Mo...

• The literature describing pseudodementia was reviewed and a definition for this neuropsychiatric syndrome is formulated. It is defined as an intellectual impairment in patients with a primary psychiatric disorder, in which the features of intellectual abnormality resemble, at least in part, those of a neuropathologically induced cognitive deficit. This neuropsychological impairment is reversible, and there is no apparent primary neuropathological process that leads to the genesis of this distu...

Because of the growing number of elderly people worldwide and the development of comprehensive measurements and scales, general interest in and overall understanding of the individual, societal, environmental, and economic impacts of behavioral and psychologic symptoms of dementia (BPSD) has advanced considerably over the last 20 years. Extensive and continuing research and clinical studies have yielded much insight into the behaviors, clinical symptoms, and psychologic reactions related to deme...

Behavioral disturbances in dementia are some of the most burdensome features with which the caregivers must cope. These symptoms are particularly important because they are likely to be responsive to both pharmacological and nonpharmacological intervention strategies. Before the 1980s, rating scales for patients suffering from dementia did not separate cognitive features from noncognitive behavioral symptoms. This was a major problem because the evolution and course of behavioral symptoms in dem...

Anxiety symptoms in dementia can be seen as an expression of stress in predisposed patients who become aware of their cognitive decline. In later stages of the disease, when awareness is lost, the presence of anxiety symptoms cannot be explained as a reaction to this type of stress. The presence of anxiety symptoms in the more impaired patients becomes similar and probably as complex in its etiology and clinical manifestations as other behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). In...

Objectives. To evaluate the frequency and type of psychological and behavioural symptoms in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients in Poland, in various stages of the disease. Method. One hundred and sixty-nine patients with a diagnosis of probable AD in Global Deterioration (GDS) stages 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 of dementia were examined in a search for behavioural and psychological symptoms. Results. Behavioural and psychotic symptoms were most often found in GDS stages 5 and 6 of AD, except for depressive ...