Cytokine levels in euthymic bipolar patients

The pathophysiology of bipolar disorder is not thoroughly understood. Several studies have investigated the possible role of cytokines in psychiatric disorders, based on their role in neuro-immune modulation; however, findings in studies on bipolar disorder remain limited and contradictory, and most studies have focused on either manic or depressive episodes. These studies suggest that both manic and depressive episodes could be pro-inflammatory...