Complex structure of upper mantle beneath the Yadong-Gulu rift in Tibet revealed by S-to-P converted waves

The convergence between the Indian and Eurasian plates has produced the thick crust and uplifted the Tibetan plateau since about 50 Ma. However, the deformation of the mantle lithosphere is still a puzzle. The geometry of the subducting Indian mantle lithosphere beneath the plateau and the thickening or/and delamination of the Tibetan mantle lithosphere are the keys for understanding the continental collision process and the evolution of the...