IL-4 Mediated Resistance of BALB/c Mice to Visceral Leishmaniasis Is Independent of IL-4Rα Signaling via T Cells

Previous studies infecting global IL-4R-/-, IL-4-/- and IL-13-/- mice on a BALB/c background with the visceralising parasite Leishmania donovani have shown that the T helper 2 cytokines, IL-4 and IL-13, play influential but not completely overlapping roles in controlling primary infection. Subsequently, using macrophage/neutrophil-specific IL-4R deficient BALB/c mice, we demonstrated that macrophage/neutrophil unresponsiveness to IL-4 and...