The evolution of base of the pyramid approaches and the role of multinational and domestic business ventures: Value-commitment and profit-making perspectives

Anchored in the current controversy around the role of multinational enterprises (MNEs) in promoting base of the pyramid (BoP) initiatives in developing nations, this paper analyzes the evolution and changes in BoP approaches associated with the roles of MNEs and domestic business ventures at the BoP, applying both value-commitment and profit-making theoretical lenses. Despite the practical importance of BoP initiatives and the special role...