Habenula deep brain stimulation for refractory bipolar disorder

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a mood disorder associated with significant morbidity and mortality. In many cases, BD can be managed with pharmacotherapy, psychological therapy, or electroconvulsive therapy [ [1] Grande I. Berk M. Birmaher B. Vieta E. Bipolar disorder. Lancet. 2016; 387: 1561-1572https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00241-X Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (830) Google Scholar ]. For some afflicted patients, however, BD...