Effects of intelligent feedback on online learners’ engagement and cognitive load: the case of research ethics education

The current study developed an intelligent learning environment for online education of research ethics and investigated how encouragement and warning intelligent feedback influenced learners’ engagement (behavioural, emotional, and cognitive) and cognitive load (mental load and mental effort). Participants included 191 graduate students in Taiwan who were randomly assigned into four groups: a non-feedback group, a warning feedback group, an...