Bringing “The Beholder” center stage: On the propensity to perceive overall fairness

Scholars have long acknowledged that perceptions of justice and fairness are “in the eye of the beholder.” Unfortunately, few attempts have been made to identify the substantive constructs that reside within that subjectivity. As a result, it is difficult to know whether low employee-rated fairness reflects managers who are truly violating justice rules, or whether it instead points to employees who are unusually strict in their perceptions....