Influence of vitamin D and estrogen receptor gene polymorphisms on calcium absorption: Bsm I predicts a greater decrease during energy restriction

Low calcium absorption is associated with low bone mass and fracture. In this study, we use gold standard methods of fractional calcium absorption (FCA) to determine whether polymorphisms of intestinal receptors, vitamin D receptor (VDR) and estrogen receptor α (ESR1), influence the response to energy restriction. Fractional calcium absorption was measured using dual stable isotopes (42Ca and 43Ca) in women given adequate calcium and vitamin D...