Spotlight on the Followers: An Examination of Moderators of Relationships Between Transformational Leadership and Subordinates’ Citizenship and Taking Charge

Drawing on substitutes for leadership theory, we revisit an often taken-for-granted assumption that transformational leadership is a universally positive management practice by examining subordinate-based aspects attenuating the relationship between transformational leadership and followers’ citizenship and taking charge. Using data collected from 196 followers and their leaders situated in 55 workgroups in 2 Chinese organizations, we found that...