Clinical characteristics and temperament influences on ‘happy’ euphoric and ‘snappy’ irritable bipolar hypo/manic mood states

While mood elevation and euphoria are the most commonly described phenotypic descriptors of hypo/mania, irritability and anger may dominate. This study was designed to pursue possible determinants of such differing states. Patients with bipolar I or II disorder were assigned to an ‘irritable/snappy’ or ‘euphoric/happy’ sub-set on the basis of their dominant hypo/manic symptoms. Group differences were examined across clinical, personality,...