The tortuous road to globalization for Volvo's heavy truck business: Extending the scope of the Uppsala model

The globalization of a firm is a time-consuming and incremental process similar in nature to the internationalization process. We adapt the Uppsala Internationalization Process Model (Johanson and Vahlne, 1977, Johanson and Vahlne, 2009) to explain the globalization process. We define globalization as an effort to optimize a business in terms of its configuration and coordination systems. Hence the globalization process is about making changes...