Concurrent induction of necrosis, apoptosis, and autophagy in ischemic preconditioned human livers formerly treated by chemotherapy

Liver pathology induced by chemotherapy (steatosis or vascular injury) is known to increase the liver's sensitivity to ischemia/ reperfusion (I/R) injury, thereby increasing morbidity and mortality after liver resection. Our aim was to assess whether ischemic preconditioning (IP) reduces I/R injury to livers with chemotherapy-induced pathology.We analyzed a series of livers from patients treated with chemotherapy for colorectal cancer who...