Mesoproterozoic high Fe–Ti mafic magmatism in western Shandong, North China Craton: Petrogenesis and implications for the final breakup of the Columbia supercontinent

High Fe–Ti basic rocks (FeOt > 12 wt% and TiO2 > 2 wt%) are rare in the geological record and display a different evolutionary trend (the ‘Fenner’ trend) from the normal ‘Bowen’ trend of SiO2 enrichment. In this paper, we present geochronological, geochemical and Sr–Nd isotopic data for the Fe–Ti-rich gabbros from western Shandong within the Eastern Block of the North China Craton. Zircon U–Pb dating indicates that they were emplaced at ∼1.21...