A cross-lagged study of students’ motivation, academic achievement, and relationships with teachers from kindergarten to 6th grade.

This 3-wave longitudinal study explored the complex ways in which students’ motivation (motivational attitudes and beliefs), relationships with teachers (closeness, conflict, and dependency), and academic achievement (reading comprehension and math performance) inform one another from kindergarten through 6th grade. The sample included students (N = 1,267; 49.3% boys) and 207 teachers participating in the Dutch triennial COOL cohort study. At...