An integrated test of multidimensionality, convergent, discriminant and criterion validity of the course experience questionnaire: an exploratory structural equation modelling

Most research on the course experience questionnaire (CEQ) has been conducted through conventional exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) within the independent cluster model framework (ICM-CFA). However, very few studies have focused on examining its multidimensionality using more flexible psychometric frameworks such as exploratory structural equation modelling (ESEM). This study aims to conduct an integrated...