Nanoporous Anodic Alumina As a Three-dimensional Nanostructured material for the Remote Optical Sensing of Urea

Millions of people in the world suffer from some form of kidney disease [1]. Due to reduce the economic losses caused by this disease and also to improve the public health, the fabrication of a device to diagnose kidney disease is important for every government. Up to now, several biosensors have been reported for the determination of urea [2,3]. However, no of them is remote biosensor. The most advantage of the remote sensor is, analyzing the...