Eco-epidemiology and pathogenesis of Newcastle disease in ostriches (Struthio camelus)

SUMMARYThe first documented outbreaks of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in ostriches were reported in zoo birds in the 1950s. Newcastle disease (ND) causes economic losses in the form of morbidity and mortality as well as expenses incurred for vaccination, diagnosis and disease treatment. Avian paramyxovirus type 1 causes lethal disease in ostriches with morbidity and mortality >50% and 80–85%, respectively. The most vulnerable age of ostriches...