Effects of Immersion Freezing on Ice Crystal Formation and the Protein Properties of Snakehead (Channa argus)

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of immersion freezing (IF) at different temperatures on ice crystal formation and protein properties in fish muscle. Snakehead blocks were frozen by IF at -20, -30, and -40 °C, and conventional air freezing (AF) at -20 °C. The size of ice crystals in the frozen samples was evaluated using Image J software. Changes in protein properties were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and...