An experimental study of tongue body loops in V1-V2-V1 sequences

Loops are well known as the elliptical tongue fleshpoint paths in vowel-consonant-vowel (VCV) sequences with a velar consonant. However, the discussion about the relative influences of aerodynamics, active motor control and biomechanics on loops is controversial. In order to characterize the biomechanical influence, the design of the current study was specifically based on V1-V2-V1 sequences with no consonants involved, recorded by means of...