Sphingosine Kinase 1 in Breast Cancer—A New Molecular Marker and a Therapy Target

It is now well established that sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1) plays a significant role in breast cancer development, progression, and spread, whereas SK1 knockdown can reverse these processes. In breast cancer cells and tumours SK1 was shown to interact with various pathways involved in cell survival and chemoresistance, such as nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB), Notch, Ras/MAPK, PKC and PI3K. SK1 is upregulated by oestrogen signalling which in turn...