Suppression of osteogenic differentiation and mitochondrial function change in human periodontal ligament stem cells by melatonin at physiological levels

N-Acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine (melatonin, MT) at pharmacological concentrations promotes the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells; however, its role at physiological concentrations (1 pM-10 nM) remains unclear. We explored the effects of 1 pM-1 µM MT on the osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) and its underlying mitochondrial dynamics-mediated mechanisms. T he...