Volatile disease markers of American foulbrood-infected larvae in Apis mellifera

The honey bee, which lives in the crowded environment of a social hive, is vulnerable to disease infection and spread. Despite efforts to develop various diagnostic methods, American foulbrood (AFB) caused by Paenibacillus larvae infection has caused enormous damage to the apicultural industry. Here, we investigated the volatile organic compounds derived from AFB. After inoculation of the AFB pathogen in honey bee larvae under lab conditions, we...