New role for azathioprine in case of switching anti-TNFs in IBD

Antitumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapy has revolutionised the treatment of moderate to severe inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, up to 30% of patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) do not respond to anti-TNF therapy, often referred to as primary non-responders. Additionally, almost 50% of patients who initially respond to anti-TNF lose response over time, a phenomenon known as secondary loss of response...