A Biophysical Basis for Chronic Diseases Associated with ER Stress - Ire1 is Activated by Lipid Bilayer Stress and Perpetuates the Unfolded Protein Response

Cells must balance the production of proteins and lipids to maintain membrane functions. Imbalances in protein folding and lipid metabolism cause endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress associated with a wide range of complex diseases including diabetes and neurodegeneration. The central homeostatic program of the ER is the unfolded protein response (UPR), which senses accumulating unfolded proteins to control protein synthesis, chaperone abundance,...