The Gastrointestinal Microbiome in Chronic Renal Diseases

The relationship between microorganisms within the gastrointestinal tract and the renal function of the host is reciprocal. The objective of the current review is therefore twofold. First, we aim to demonstrate the emerging role of gastrointestinal microbiome dysbiosis in the pathogenesis and progression of chronic kidney disease. Second, we highlight specific mechanisms as to how microbiome dysbiosis is provoked in chronic kidney disease....