The effect of physical activity on dose-relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and cardiovascular health events in older adults

Background and aims Reverse J- or U-shaped associations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations and cardiovascular outcomes have been reported, which need clarifications in older adults. Physical activity, correlating with both serum 25[OH]D concentration and cardiovascular health, may have an effect on the dose-relationships. Methods and Results At baseline, 2790 participants aged 65 years and over, free of vitamin D...