Ad libitum water consumption off-sets the thermal and cardiovascular strain exacerbated by dehydration during a 3-h simulated heatwave

To assess whether ad libitum water ingestion of different temperatures is sufficient to prevent dehydration-related exacerbations of thermal and cardiovascular strain, during exposure to conditions representative of a heatwave. Twelve participants (mean ± SD; 25 ± 4 years) exercised for 180 min at 3 METs in 40.1 ± 0.6 °C, 40.4 ± 2.1%RH four times: (i) consuming 20 °C water ad libitum (AL20); (ii) consuming 4 °C water ad libitum (AL4); (iii)...