Biliary Leakage After Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery: A Classification System to Guide the Proper Percutaneous Treatment

To investigate the effectiveness of percutaneous approaches to treat bile leak and to propose an anatomical classification of biliary fistula to guide the most appropriate percutaneous approach. Fifty-six patients with bile leakage after hepatobiliary surgery were included. Based on preoperative images and postoperative fistulogram images, three categories of bile leakage were defined. Every category was treated with non-surgical approaches...