Arsenic and cadmium accumulation in rice and mitigation strategies

Arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) are two toxic elements that have a relatively high risk of transfer from paddy soil to rice grain. Rice is a major dietary source of these two elements for populations consuming rice as a staple food. Reducing their accumulation in rice grain is important for food safety and human health. We review recent progress in understanding the biogeochemical processes controlling As and Cd bioavailability in paddy soil, the...