Environmental changes in Arctic Chukotka during Marine Isotope Stages 38‐31: implications for the Early to Middle Pleistocene transition

Lake El'gygytgyn in far northeastern Russia provides one of the few records that can improve understanding of terrestrial responses to climatic changes during the Early to Middle Pleistocene transition ( EMPT ; 1400–400 ka). Palynological data from MIS 38‐31 (~1260 to 1060 ka) help clarify the complex nature of that transition. In contrast to the evergreen conifer forest of the MIS 31 ‘super’ interglaciation, Larix‐Betula‐Alnus forest with shrub...