Associations of ABO blood type and galactose-deficient immunoglobulin A1 with adverse outcomes in patients with IgA nephropathy

Background Both ABO blood group antigens and pathogenic immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1) in patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN) are influenced by modifications of N-acetylgalactosamine and galactose. The purpose of this study was to assess whether ABO blood type is associated with galactose-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1) in the progression of kidney disease in patients with IgAN. Methods We enrolled 1313 IgAN patients with a median of 44 months follow-up and...