Neohesperidin inhibits TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling and alleviates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal growing problem, with limited therapeutic options. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) plays a critical role in many pathological processes that characterize pulmonary fibrosis. Effective and well-tolerated antifibrotic agents that interfere with TGF-β1 signaling would be an ideal treatment but no such treatments are available. In this study, we identified that the natural compound,...