Advancing the Transformational–Transactional Model of Effective Leadership: Integrating two Classic Leadership Models with a Video‐Based Method

The presented empirical study demonstrates that the predictive validity of Bass' “transformational‐transactional” model of leadership can be enhanced by incorporating certain aspects of the older Ohio State “initiating structure‐consideration” model of leadership. A precise, fine‐grained video‐based method shows that “initiating structure” behaviors (e.g., directing, informing, structuring) explained the variance in leader and team effectiveness...