The intestinal expansion of TCRγδ⁺ and disappearance of IL4⁺ T cells suggest their involvement in the evolution from potential to overt celiac disease

Celiac disease (CD) is characterized by a spectrum of intestinal inflammatory lesions. Most patients have villous atrophy (overt‐CD), while others have a morphologically normal mucosa, despite the presence of CD‐specific autoantibodies (potential‐CD). As the mechanism responsible for villous atrophy is not completely elucidated, we investigated biomarkers specific for the different celiac lesions. Phenotype and cytokine production of intestinal...