How words impact on pain

Introduction The wording used before and during painful medical procedures might significantly affect the painfulness and discomfort of the procedures. Two theories might account for these effects: the motivational priming theory (Lang, 1995, American Psychologist , 50 , 372) and the theory of neural networks (Hebb, 1949, The organization of behavior . New York, NY: Wiley; Pulvermuller, 1999, Behavioral and Brain Sciences , 22 , 253;...