Strategic planning activity, middle manager divergent thinking, external stakeholder salience, and organizational performance: a study of English and Welsh police forces

Although strategic planning is mandatory in the UK police force its usefulness is questioned due to the link between planning and performance in the public sector. Moreover, how middle management and external stakeholders influence the planning process needs deeper exploration as part of the planning-performance relationship. Data from UK police force middle managers reveal an indirect influence of strategic planning on performance mediated by...