WITHDRAWN: Life-cycle assessment of various types of residential ground-coupled heat pump systems: Wisconsin, US case

Within the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) sectors, ground coupled heat pumps (GCHPs) offer a potentially economical, low-carbon energy approach to lowering of the global energy budget. This study investigates the performance of a conventional vertical GCHP configuration with three boreholes (VERT), a conventional horizontal GCHP (HORZ), an unconventionally deep (300 m) single borehole GCHP (SING) system, and a conventional...