Synthetical Optimization of a Gravity-Driven Irrigation Pipeline Network System with Pressure-Regulating Facilities

Due to the influence of topographic drops, a large elevation difference often occurs in the middle and lower sections of the main pipe of a gravity-driven irrigation pipe network (GDIPN) system. This elevation difference must be reduced appropriately through pressure reduction facilities (pressure-regulating ponds (PRPs) or pressure-reducing valves (PRVs)). The number and locations of PRPs are crucial factors in regulating and balancing the...