Adsorption mechanism of Pb2+ ions by Fe3O4, SnO2, and TiO2 nanoparticles

Nanosized sorbents for the removal of heavy metal ions are preferred due to high surface area, smaller size, and enhanced reactivity during adsorbate/adsorbent interactions. In the present study, Fe3O4, SnO2, and TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared by microemulsion-assisted precipitation method. The particles were characterized by BET surface area, X-rays diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)...