Occurrence of neonicotinoids and fipronil in estuaries and their potential risks to aquatic invertebrates

This study aimed to evaluate and qualify field-based potential risks of seven neonicotinoid and phenylpyrazole (fipronil) insecticides on aquatic invertebrates, including estuary-resident marine crustaceans. One hundred and ninety-three estuarine water samples, with salinity ranging from 0.5 to 32.7, were collected from four estuarine sites in the Seto Inland Sea of Japan, in 2015-2018 and the insecticide levels were measured. Five neonicotinoid...