Maternal Socialization Responses to Preschoolers’ Success and Struggle: Links to Contextual Factors and Academic and Cognitive Outcomes

The present study examined mothers’ responses to their at-risk preschool-age children’s (N = 156) successful and unsuccessful attempts during a puzzle task. Associations between mothers’ responses and the children’s ecological context, as well as children’s cognitive and academic abilities at two subsequent time points (ages 6–11, and 9–13 years), were examined. Maternal responses to children’s successful attempts included process praise, person...