The roles of multimodal pedagogic effects and classroom environment in willingness to communicate in English

Multimodality has become a prominent concept in communication and language education research, and pedagogic discourse in second language (L2) classrooms is fundamentally multimodal. While research on willingness to communicate (WTC) has been thriving, little is known about how L2 WTC is related to multimodal classroom pedagogies. This article presents findings from the first large-scale survey study of its kind on EFL students' perceptions of...