Carrots, Sticks, and Performance: Is It Commitment, or Commitment Plus Control?

The field of strategic human resource management has established a clear positive relationship between human resource (HR) practices and organizational performance. However, much of the research in this field has focused on commitment-eliciting HR practices and has neglected control-oriented HR practices. In this article, we review the strategic human resource management literature since initial work on commitment and control HR practices, and...