Chlorogenic acid isomers directly interact with Keap 1-Nrf2 signaling in Caco-2 cells

Chlorogenic acid (CGA) exists as multiple isomers (e.g., 3-CQA, 4-CQA, 5-CQA, 3,4-diCQA, 3,5-diCQA, and 4,5-diCQA) in foods such as coffee beverages, fruits and vegetables. This study aimed to investigate relative activities of these six different CGA isomers to modify redox biology in inflamed Caco-2 cells that involved Nrf2 signaling. Caco-2 cells were pre-treated with individual CGA isomers to assess the relative effectiveness to mitigate...