Efficient image based method using water-filled balloons for improving probe spatial calibration in 3D freehand ultrasonography

The ultrasound (US) probe spatial calibration is a key prerequisite for enabling the use of the 3D freehand US technique. Several methods have been proposed for achieving an accurate and precise calibration, although these methods still require specialised equipment. This equipment is often not available in research or clinical facilities. Therefore, the present investigation aimed to propose an efficient US probe calibration method that is...