Depthwise-controlled scleral insertion of microneedles for drug delivery to the back of the eye

To treat retinal diseases, intravitreal injection is commonly performed to deliver therapeutic agents to the eye. However, intravitreal injection poses potential risks of ocular complications such as endophthalmitis, retinal detachment, and ocular hemorrhage. Thus, it is desired to develop a minimally invasive and therapeutically effective ocular drug delivery system without full penetration into the sclera. Here, we studied the possibility of...