Placentas on treadmills? Exercise may be more beneficial when started before pregnancy

It is increasingly recognised that exposures before, during and after pregnancy can influence the later health of individuals, placing them on a trajectory towards increased (or in some cases decreased) risk of non-communicable diseases (Hanson & Gluckman, 2014). We now recognise that developmental trajectories are not “fixed” but continue to be modified by later exposures. An initial exposure may not lead to frank disease unless it is exposed...