Laser cladding with HA and functionally graded TiO2-HA precursors on Ti–6Al–4V alloy for enhancing bioactivity and cyto-compatibility

In the present study, the morphology and composition of Titanium alloy (Ti–6Al–4 V) surfaces were modified by laser cladding (LC) process to enhance the biocompatibility and bioactivity of orthopaedic implants. Ti–6Al–4 V substrates were processed using a pulsed Nd:YAG laser with various precursors: 100% HA and functionally graded TiO2-HA material (FGM). A set of laser parameters having 21.6 J/mm2 laser energy density or irradiance was applied...