Metabolic Stress, Autophagy, and Cardiovascular Aging: from Pathophysiology to Therapeutics

Population-based studies, clinical trials, and experimental data have depicted a close relationship between age-related chronic diseases such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, obesity, atherosclerosis, and metabolic dysfunction. Metabolic diseases impose stress on cardiovascular function, fostering premature cardiovascular aging. Proteotoxicity due to poor protein quality control in particular autophagy contributes to the...